Про єдиний взірець давньої української шкільної епічної епіцедії

У статті розглядається єдиний у збережених давніх українських поетиках взірець епічної епіцедії. Твір, присвячений єпископу Чернігівському і Новгород-Сіверському Амвросію Дубневичу, міститься у чернігівській поетиці 1749-1750 рр.. Уперше публікується переклад українською мовою.В статье рассматривается единственный из сохраненных в старых украинских поэтиках образец эпической эпицедии. Сочинение, посвященное епископу Черниговскому и Новгород-Сиверскому Амвросию Дубневичу, содержится в черниговской поэтике 1749-1750 годов. Впервые печатается перевод на украинский язык.The article deals with the sample of epic epicedium as a single one saved in old Ukrainian poetics. Included into in the Chernihiv poetic of 1749 – 1750 year, the work is dedicated to Bishop of Chernihiv and Novgorod – Siverskyi Ambrosius Dubnyevych. The translation into Ukrainian is published for the first time

Droogstand ter discussie

Wageningen UR, Schothorst Feed Research en de faculteit Diergeneeskunde hebben een gezamenlijke literatuurstudie uitgevoerd om de mogelijkheden van een kortere droogstand te verkennen. De gevonden voordelen worden genoemd, maar een uitspraak over de optimale lengte van de droogstand is nog niet te doe

Ketosis in dairy cows: etiologic factors, monitoring, treatment

Ketosis is a metabolic disorder that mainly occurs during the negative energy balance in early-lactation dairy cows. It is characterized by elevated concentrations of ketone bodies in blood (hyperketonemia), urine, and milk. The thesis of Saskia van der Drift covers investigations on etiologic factors, monitoring, treatment and genetics of dairy cow ketosis. Firstly, the role of the mobilization of muscle protein around parturition in the etiology of ketosis was studied. For that purpose, a method was developed to analyze the plasma concentration of 3-methylhistidine, a marker for muscle protein breakdown, by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Higher plasma 3-methylhistidine concentrations were associated with lower serum concentrations of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in periparturient dairy cows (n = 34). This indicates that greater protein mobilization may reduce the risk to develop ketosis, probably because of a greater supply of glucogenic amino acids during negative energy balance. A large field study showed that the prevalence of ketosis (hyperketonemia) was 11.2% in early-lactation cows (n = 1678) in the Netherlands. On individual farms, the prevalence ranged from 0% to 80%. Farms participating in the study were visited on a regular test day. During these farm visits, all cows between 5 and 60 days in milk were sampled to perform the reference test for hyperketonemia (blood BHBA analysis). Data from this study were used to construct a statistical model for the routine detection of hyperketonemia at test days based on ketone body concentrations in milk (BHBA and acetone, analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry) and other available information, such as milk composition and parity. The developed model predicts the probability of hyperketonemia for each cow at the test day and subsequently estimates the prevalence of the disorder at the dairy farm. This enables routine monitoring of ketosis at test days and can contribute to the decision making on the feeding and management practices. It is common use to treat ketotic cows only when they show clinical signs, such as decreased feed intake and milk production loss. In practice, several treatment combinations are used, but evidence for the efficacy of the combined treatments was often lacking. Therefore, a clinical trial was performed with 31 cows with clinical ketosis to investigate the additive effect of a single glucocorticoid injection to oral propylene glycol treatment. Cows with clinical ketosis had a better recovery with a combined therapy of glucocorticoids and propylene glycol compared with treatment with propylene glycol only. Glucocorticoid injection resulted in higher blood glucose concentrations in ketotic cows without stimulation of muscle or fat mobilization in these animals. Finally, data from the before mentioned field study were combined with pedigree information to estimate the genetic variation and heritability of plasma BHBA, milk BHBA, and milk acetone concentrations in early-lactation cows. Heritability estimates for plasma and milk ketone body concentrations showed that variation exists in the susceptibility of cows to develop hyperketonemia and that selective breeding may contribute to a lower incidence of the disorder at the longer ter

Effects of shortening the dry period of dairy cows on milk production, energy balance, health, and fertility: A systemtic review

A dry period of 6–8 weeks for dairy cows is generally thought to maximise milk production in the next lactation. However, the value of such a long dry period is increasingly questioned. In particular, shortening the dry period shifts milk production from the critical period after calving to the weeks before calving. This shift in milk production could improve the energy balance (EB), health and fertility of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to systematically review the current knowledge on dry period length in relation to milk production, EB, fertility, and health of cows and calves. A meta-analysis was performed for variables where at least five studies were available. Overall, both shortening and omitting the dry period reduces milk production, increases milk protein percentage and tends to reduce the risk of ketosis in the next lactation. Individual studies reported an improvement of EB after a short or no dry period, compared with a conventional dry period. Shortening or omitting the dry period did not affect milk fat percentage and shortening the dry period did not alter the odds ratio for mastitis, metritis, or fertility measures in the next lactation. So, current evidence for an improvement of health and fertility of dairy cows is marginal and may be partly explained by the limited number of studies which have evaluated health and fertility in relation to dry period length, the limited number of animals in those studies and the variable responses reported

Effects of shortening the dry period of dairy cows on milk production, energy balance, health, and fertility: A systemtic review

A dry period of 6–8 weeks for dairy cows is generally thought to maximise milk production in the next lactation. However, the value of such a long dry period is increasingly questioned. In particular, shortening the dry period shifts milk production from the critical period after calving to the weeks before calving. This shift in milk production could improve the energy balance (EB), health and fertility of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to systematically review the current knowledge on dry period length in relation to milk production, EB, fertility, and health of cows and calves. A meta-analysis was performed for variables where at least five studies were available. Overall, both shortening and omitting the dry period reduces milk production, increases milk protein percentage and tends to reduce the risk of ketosis in the next lactation. Individual studies reported an improvement of EB after a short or no dry period, compared with a conventional dry period. Shortening or omitting the dry period did not affect milk fat percentage and shortening the dry period did not alter the odds ratio for mastitis, metritis, or fertility measures in the next lactation. So, current evidence for an improvement of health and fertility of dairy cows is marginal and may be partly explained by the limited number of studies which have evaluated health and fertility in relation to dry period length, the limited number of animals in those studies and the variable responses reported